RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: analyze the structure of teaching programs and contents of the adolescent health and its development in nursing education. METHOD: descriptive observational study conducted in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Data was collected by the Instrument for (self-)evaluation of the adolescent health and development component in undergraduate nursing programs, and investigated using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 95 nursing schools participated in the study (84.1% of the total). Of the faculty responsible for teaching contents relating to adolescent health, 31.6% had no specific training on the topic and 18.9% had no educational/pedagogical training. Behavior, gender identity and sexual orientation, bullying and cyberbullying, use of digital technologies, partner violence, parenting, and pubertal delay were the main topics which could be incorporated into nursing education. CONCLUSION: the faculty of the schools analyzed have limited education in pedagogical/educational topics and specific adolescent health issues. Curricula should be updated, including knowledge of laws and policies, thus expanding nurses' ability to generate, analyze and use data for decision making.(1) 31.6% of faculty have no specific education in adolescent health. (2) 18.9% of faculty have no educational/pedagogical training. (3) Progress is needed in the use of active methodologies and interactive multimedia. (4) Knowledge of laws and policies for the adolescent population must be expanded. (5) Current and relevant adolescent health issues need to be addressed in nursing education.
Assuntos
Bacharelado em Enfermagem , Educação em Enfermagem , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Adolescente , Saúde do Adolescente , Currículo , Educação em Enfermagem/métodos , Bacharelado em Enfermagem/métodos , Feminino , Identidade de Gênero , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Resumo Objetivo: analisar a estrutura dos programas de ensino e os conteúdos do componente Saúde e Desenvolvimento do Adolescente na formação dos estudantes de enfermagem. Método: estudo observacional descritivo, realizado na Colômbia, Equador e Peru. Aplicou-se o Instrumento de (auto)avaliação do componente Saúde e Desenvolvimento do Adolescente na graduação de profissionais de saúde. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Resultados: 95 Escolas de Enfermagem participaram (84,1% do total). Dos professores responsáveis pelo ensino da saúde dos adolescentes, 31,6% não tinham formação específica na matéria e 18,9% não tinham formação no campo da educação/pedagogia. Estes são os principais tópicos que poderiam ser incorporados à formação: comportamento, identidade de gênero e orientação sexual, bullying e cyberbullying, uso de tecnologias digitais, violência entre parceiros, paternidade adolescente e puberdade tardia. Conclusão: os professores têm formação limitada em questões pedagógicas/educacionais e em temas específicos da saúde dos adolescentes. O currículo precisa ser atualizado com conteúdos relacionados a saúde e desenvolvimento dos adolescentes; deve-se incluir conhecimento de leis e políticas e expandir a capacidade dos profissionais de enfermagem para que possam gerar, analisar e utilizar dados para a tomada de decisões.
Abstract Objective: analyze the structure of teaching programs and contents of the adolescent health and its development in nursing education. Method: descriptive observational study conducted in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Data was collected by the Instrument for (self-)evaluation of the adolescent health and development component in undergraduate nursing programs, and investigated using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 95 nursing schools participated in the study (84.1% of the total). Of the faculty responsible for teaching contents relating to adolescent health, 31.6% had no specific training on the topic and 18.9% had no educational/pedagogical training. Behavior, gender identity and sexual orientation, bullying and cyberbullying, use of digital technologies, partner violence, parenting, and pubertal delay were the main topics which could be incorporated into nursing education. Conclusion: the faculty of the schools analyzed have limited education in pedagogical/educational topics and specific adolescent health issues. Curricula should be updated, including knowledge of laws and policies, thus expanding nurses' ability to generate, analyze and use data for decision making.
Resumen Objetivo: analizar la estructura de los programas de enseñanza y los contenidos del componente de salud y desarrollo del adolescente en la formación de los estudiantes de enfermería. Método: estudio observacional descriptivo, realizado en Colombia, Ecuador y Perú. Se aplicó el Instrumento para (auto)evaluar el componente de salud y desarrollo del adolescente en la formación de pregrado de los proveedores de salud. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: participaron 95 escuelas (84,1% del total). De los docentes encargados de la enseñanza de la salud de los adolescentes, el 31,6% no tenía formación específica en la materia y el 18,9% no tenía formación en el ámbito de la educación/pedagogía. Los principales temas que podrían incorporarse a la formación son: comportamiento, identidad de género y orientación sexual, bullying y cyberbullying, uso de las tecnologías digitales, violencia en el noviazgo, paternidad y retraso puberal. Conclusión: el profesorado tiene una formación limitada en temas pedagógicos/educativos y en temas específicos de la salud del adolescente. El plan de estudios debe actualizarse con contenidos del desarrollo y salud del adolescente, incluir conocimientos sobre las leyes y políticas, y ampliar la capacidad de las enfermeras para generar, analizar y utilizar datos para la toma de decisiones.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Currículo , Saúde do Adolescente , Educação em Enfermagem , Bacharelado em Enfermagem , Programas de Graduação em EnfermagemRESUMO
La práctica de la automedicación constituye riesgos para la salud, principalmente, para los adultos mayores debido a los cambios propios del envejecimiento que existe en esta etapa de la vida. Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento de la automedicación en los adultos mayores del Consultorio Médico de Familia (CMF) # 15 del municipio de Jesús Menéndez, en el 1er semestre del año 2018. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo. La población fue de 359 adultos mayores, quedando constituida la muestra por 151 pacientes, utilizando para su obtención la fórmula del cálculo de muestra. Se utilizó la entrevista como técnica de obtención de datos estudiándose las siguientes variables: afecciones por el cual se automedican, grupos medicamentosos sin prescripción que más consumen, sexo de mayor incidencia. Resultados: Los dolores osteomioarticular es la principal afección por la cual consumen medicamentos sin la prescripción médica con un 66,2 %. El 100% de los gerontos consumen medicamentos tipo AINE sin prescripción de un galeno para el alivio de los dolores presentes; el sexo femenino es de mayor incidencia representada por el 53.6% Conclusiones: Se concluye que existe práctica de automedicación en este grupo poblacional siendo los dolores del sistema osteomioarticular la afección principal que los induce a consumir medicamentos sin prescripción médica. Se detectó que los fármacos de mayor consumo automedicado son los pertenecientes al grupo medicamentoso conocido como AINE y que el sexo femenino es de mayor incidencia en el consumo de medicamento automedicado(AU)
The practice of self-medication constitutes health risks, mainly, for older adults due to the changes typical of aging that exist at this stage of life. Objective: To determine the behavior of self-medication in the elderly of the Consultorio Medico de La Familia (CMF) # 15 of the municipality of Jesús Menéndez, in the 1st semester of 2018. Methodology: A pescriptive, quantitative study was carried out. The population was 359 older adults; the sample was constituted for 151 patients, using the sample calculation formula to obtain it. The interview was used as a technique to obtain data, studying the following variables: conditions for which they self-medicate, non-prescription drug groups that consume the most, sex with the highest incidence. Results: Osteomyoarticular pain is the main condition for which they consume medications without a prescription with 66.2%. The 100% of the gerontos consume NSAID type medications without prescription of a doctor for the relief of present pain; the female sex is of higher incidence represented by 53.6%. Conclusions: It is concluded that there is a practice of self-medication in this population group, being the pain of the osteomyoarticular system the main condition that induces them to consume drugs with out a prescription. It was detected that the drugs with the highest self-medicated consumption are those belonging to the drug group known as NSAIDs and that the female sex is of greater incidence in the consumption of self-medicated medication(AU)